it's a warm morning on the Pacific island of bikini at to the sun sits below the Horizon where its warm glow Paints the Sky Three Men sit in a bunker beneath the coral sand they look closely at a wall of lights all but two are green 30 seconds the firing party Commander Dr John C Clark watches the dials and lights closely it wasn't his first time detonating a nuclear weapon it was his 40th but this one was different this bomb named Castle Bravo is the first weaponize nuclear device 15 seconds Dead Silence fills the room only broken by the soft whining of the instruments 5 4 3 2 1 the to this point had started 9 years earlier with the first atomic test ever conducted Trinity the Trinity device had a yield of approximately 25,000 tons of TNT it melted the sand for over a th000 ft in every direction and was heard over a 100 miles away the Trinity device was constructed like most atomic bombs are a design termed a plutonium implosion device but how do these nuclear bombs actually work to explain the this we're going to have to dive into just a little bit of quantum mechanics all matter is made up of subatomic particles here we see an oxygen atom that is composed of eight electrons eight protons and eight neutrons the protons having a positive charge attract the negatively charged electrons to stay around the nucleus in the same way that two oppositely charged magnets are attracted to each other however we also know that when two positively charged magnets are close to each other they get thrown apart so then why is it that the eight protons that are packed very close together in the nucleus don't all get thrown away from each other the answer is something physicists call the strong force or more accurately the residual nuclear force see the protons are held together by this nuclear force along with the neutrons which act to increase the amount of this force in the nucleus now just as light has a particle the nuclear force also has one called a gluon specifically because they glue the neutrons and protons together now in this oxygen atom the gluons are easily strong enough to keep the nucleus together but if we go through larger and larger atoms the magnetic propulsive force between those protons in the nucleus becomes larger and larger and eventually we hit a point ignoring the weird ones the first radioactive element is polonium in polonium the gluons are just not strong enough to hold the nucleus together now what would you logically expect to happen to this atom then well if the gluons couldn't hold the nucleus together the atom couldn't exist right wrong this is quantum mechanics and Quant qu mechanics does not follow that kind of logic see the ponum atom can exist but there's a bit of uncertainty for every unit of time there's a nonzero chance of the nucleus breaking apart into two smaller atoms so for example if we take a normal polonium atom and observe it for let's say 200 days there'd be a 50/50 chance of it decaying into two smaller atoms if we waited another 200 days it'd be a 75% chance another 200 days gives us an 87.5% chance of Decay just like flipping a coin over and over again this process is called halflife defined as the amount of time it would take for half a sample of a radioactive material to Decay and this number can vary wildly take bismuth remember when I said that polonium was the first radioactive element well I technically lied to you see bismuth is also radioactive but has such a long halflife we did not know it was radioactive until 2003 specifically a halflife of 20 quintilian years as a two followed by 19 zeros a number so large that if you were to stack 20 quintilian sheets of paper you would have enough paper to get to Saturn and back three times while on the other end of the spectrum we have hydrogen five an absolute abomination of a hydrogen atom that instead of having zero neutrons has five and clocks in with a Decay time of 86 yako seconds or 86 with 24 zos before for perspective that is almost the same amount of time it takes light to travel the distance of one proton and a very important results of this is that the shorter the halflife is the more radioactive the atom is but why does this matter an interesting academic curiosity for sure what is the importance of all this well when a nucleus of an atom decays it releases energy a lot of it in fact so if we were to say let's take some uranium and have it decay it would release neutrons and high energy photons and if these neutrons happen to hit another uranium atom it can cause that one to Decay as well which would release more and so on and so forth now normally the atoms are pretty far apart and if you have a lot of atoms far apart the chance of a neutron hitting another atom and causing a Decay is very low if the atoms are closer together however the chance of them visioning is higher with one uranium atom decaying which releases neutrons that cause more to Decay and so on and so forth until the reaction can go completely out of control this is known as super criticality the idea behind a nuclear bomb is to combine these principles to release a ton of energy very quickly the way the scientists at Los Alamos did this was a series of explosive lenses that created a perfectly spherical shock wave that compressed a plutonium core as the plutonium core compressed the unstable atoms got closer and closer together until a runaway fision reaction went super critical and the entire bomb became a ball of plasma and gamma rays along with this there's another design called the uranium gun which compresses two half spheres of uranium by shooting one to the other both have the same effect and both designs were used in Japan although the uranium gun type weapon has been phased out by most of the world's Powers because of the inefficiency inherent in its design often only visioning around 1% of its uranium [Music] [Music] hoshima was bombed 21 days after the success of the Trinity test and Nagasaki 2 Days Later the human cost of this bomb cannot be understated thousands of people died in the most excruciating way possible death by radiation poisoning while the lucky ones who survived were burnt so badly that their entire extremities were covered in extremely painful blisters the human cost haunted many of the scientists who work to build the atomic bombs but there was one man who thought the current atomic weapons were not large enough a man named Edward Teller Edward Teller was born to a Jewish Family in Hungary and eventually moved to the US and became a professor at George Washington University in 1942 he was vited on to the Manhattan Project by fellow physicist Dr J Robert Oppenheimer during the early stages of the Project physicist enrio fery casually mentioned to teller that a regular fion bomb could be used used to detonate an even larger fusion bomb this idea fascinated him he became bored with the regular atomic bomb and started designing what he called the super the super also known as a hydrogen bomb or a thermonuclear bomb tries to make the nuclear reaction more powerful by adding material that can be nuclearly fused Fusion being when atoms are put under tremendous pressure their nuclei can combine and create an even heavier element in the process releasing even greater amounts of energy than the previously mentioned fision more specifically it works by having a regular nuclear bomb detonate inside part of a larger structure this structure in addition to the fision bomb also contains a part filled with a fuel that under extreme pressure will undergo nuclear fusion when the fision stage detonates it creates a massive amount of x-rays these x-rays are reflected through the internal structure of the bomb with enough energy to compress the fusion stage causing a fusion explosion this process releases multitudes more energy than just the plain fision bomb it is important to note that you can theoretically add even more Fusion stages after this as many times as you want allowing you to create larger and larger bombs although no bomb using more than three total stages has ever been created because anything beyond three stages would be so powerful there would be no practical use for it as a weapon except I don't know destroying an entire country the design of these Fusion bombs is called the teller ulum design named after the previously mentioned teller and the Polish physicist Dennis ulum during the Manhattan Project teller focused on designing hydrogen bombs much to the annoyance of his colleagues he had a Blackboard in his office that had a list of hypothetical nuclear weapons on it it had bombs from more reasonable smaller yields all the way up to one bomb that had a yield of 10 gigatons a bomb so large that if ever detonated would lift a large chunk of the Earth's atmosphere into space and would quote be powerful enough to set all of New England on fire or most of California or all of the UK and IR this gives great perspective on Teller he was willing to go anywhere with his designs now it is still controversial if he would have actually wanted these builds or if it was just an academic curiosity but it's generally believed that in his mind if countries had weapons of this power weapons that could destroy cities or nations in seconds no one would be crazy enough to start a war and this belief eventually turned into the doctrine of mutually assured destruction eventually after much country controvery the first nuclear bomb to utilize Fusion was tested during operation Greenhouse shot George was a standard implosion type weapon except that it had a small amount of derium and trium inserted in the center this so-called boosted fion weapon didn't have much more power over the standard Vision weapon but it proved that nuclear fusion could be created in a nuclear weapon after the success of shot George the test IV mic was set into motion this test used the standard teller ulum design except that instead of a stable Fusion fuel it used cryogenic liquid detarium which to anyone who's worked with liquid hydrogen before knows it is a pain to handle it required a three-story building to keep it cool and weighed 74 tons with over 10,000 people being brought in to help set up the test these details made it impractical as a weapon but is a great way to demonstrate the technology and whether or not the hydrogen bomb would be feasible would depend on the results of this test the bomb detonated with a yield of 10.4 megatons 20 times more powerful than the largest Vision weapon the fireball expanded to a size of 2 m completely removing the island of ulb and climbing to 56,000 ft in less than 90 seconds the final size of the Cloud Peak at 25 M high and 100 m wide Pilots took off 1 hour and 30 minutes after the detonation to take samples of the cloud piloting modified f84 as they entered the mushroom cloud and encountered severe conditions including heat radiation debris and extreme winds the radiation was so bad that their instruments maxed out and command ordered them to head back unfortunately the electromagnetic conditions of the cloud had left their instruments unusable they spent so long looking for the Airfield by the time they had spotted it they were already out of fuel pilot Robert haen performed a dead stick Landing blowing out a tire but ultimately walking away from The Landing alive Jimmy Robinson's engine also flamed out but a bit over 3 miles from the runway he attempted to per for a landing on the water but the plane bounced flipped and began to sink rapidly it also didn't help that the pilots were given lead lined vests instead of life jackets Jimmy Robertson was postumus awarded with the distinguished flying cross the samples collected from these flights were sent to Los Alamos for analysis one interested team of physicists out of Berkeley had the interesting idea that due to the amount of radiation and the characteristics surrounding it that it might have synthesized new elements the team was able to use these samples to discover the elements 99 and 100 later to be named Einsteinium and fermium after the IV mic test work began on a new hydrogen bomb one that was usable as a weapon construction began and was accelerated after the Soviet Union tested their own half Megaton boosted Vision bomb the emergency capability program was established with the express goal of creating a weaponized thermonuclear bomb at the earliest possible date the bomb was so large it was decided not to test it at the main area of the proven grants and a weak at to but to instead test it at another at to bikini atol the team deciding the location of the test had figured it be acceptable to just not worry about the effects on the local Islanders or really any concern of Fallout at all but that the decision to shoot should be reached with the understanding that no health hazard to the task force units and populated islands of the Pacific or radiation safety conditions conducive to possible adverse criticism will ensue so with a complete disregard for any concern of Fallout the project charged forward a spot on the reef halfway between boo nin iset and Neu Island were chosen as the test site and a small artificial Island was created to hold the bomb in its test equipment along with this an artificial Causeway was built that was 3600 ft long that allowed an experiment that used a vacuum tube to measure high energy Rays a set of towers with downward facing mirrors were set up extremely close to the bomb with a set of rapatronic cameras underground to image the first milliseconds of the explosion the bomb's parts were then moved from Los Alamos to bikini at to Via San Francisco by late February 1953 the device was assembled and ready to go the weather was the final consideration in each decision to conduct a test never were weather data and forecasts more critically checked and screened by weatherman and non- weathermen alike for periods of time approaching the length of Noah's crew several thousand men waited some with patience some without for a change in the upper winds when it came to weather for a nuclear test the aspect that was considered the most important was wind weather balloons would be launched daily and the winds off measured Fallout would then be calculated the Marshall Islands are a very windy place and for that time of year the average wind speed is around 15 knots this means that there's only a handful of days in a month where a nuclear test can be conducted on March 1st they had their day when the weather balloon was launched the path it traveled was relatively small and the Fallout was predicted to fall close to the site Fallout from 35,000 ft was predicted to fall 45 mi from the closest inhabited area while Fallout from 20,000 ft was to initially drift East then go back West once hitting the trade winds eventually falling right back down on the Lagoon the fact that the weather looked good in the previous high yield test Ivy Mike produced so little Fallout added to the perception of the general safety of the operation the cloud was calculated to go up to 100,000 ft so as previously mentioned any radioactive debris should have gotten thrown up into the upper atmosphere and safely diluted well that was the idea anyway in the words of the weather officer with extremely high yields most of the Radioactive the breeze is carried into the stratosphere where it is trapped and falls out very slowly thus undergoing normal processes of Decay mixing and dispersal all past sampling operations bear out this conclusion as do the results of the worldwide Fallout program so everything was a go and the bomb was primed and the countdown had begun it's a warm morning on the Pacific island of Bim at tol aircraft took off and began circling the area ships stood ominously over the water awaiting the event and a small team sat in the bunker controlling and observing the upcoming events the bomb detonated with a spectacular ferocity the cameras meant to film the first milliseconds of the detonation were immediately atomized the massive amount of high energy particles unobstructed by the atmosphere shot down the high energy Ray experiment and caused a 1 kiloton explosion 2/3 of a mile down range that wouldn't be much of a concern though because the fireball grew to be 42 miles wide nearly 10 billion kgs of coral and sand was dowed in radioactive materials vaporized and then sucked into the cloud creating a crater 2,000 ft wide and 250 ft deep in just 1 minute the bomb grew to be 47,000 ft high and 7 m wide towering over bikini at tol the bomb which was supposed to have a yield of 6 megatons had a field of 15 this was due to an error in calculations specifically a failure in extrapolating data remember back to the bomb's design Fusion fuel is compressed by high energy x-rays causing the explosion the lithium that was used in the fuel was composed of two isotopes 40% was lithium 6 and 60% was lithium 7 it was expected from previous experiments that only the lithium 6 would add to the explosion the lithium 7 was not predicted to fuse or add to the explosion in any way it was expected Ed was it would absorb a neutron and then become two alpha particles after about a second meaning by the time it split the bomb was already here hot but far below the temperature for Fusion so the scientists believe that 60% of the fuel in their bomb would produce fusible material way too late to contribute to the explosion this was an incredible mistake see the lithium 7 did behave as it thought it would to a point imagine if we are observing a line on a chalkboard but half of this line is covered by a curtain the curtain is our experimental data and the more experiments we do the more the curtain moves to the right the physicist asks what does the line do over there there are two ways of finding out you can work very hard to slowly push the curtain to the right or you can guess where it goes here the physicist decides to create a line where he thinks the line will go now it's completely possible that the line follows what he's predicted but it's not certain so when the physicist finally does the experiments and pulls down the curtain he realizes his mistake he's extrapolated his data into an untested area now here the results aren't that bad nothing was lost by a mistaken line on a chalkboard unless that line was Decay time as a function of neutron energy if a neutron above 2.7 million electron volts hits the lithium 7 which most were it wouldn't decay in a second but instead near instantly become an alpha particle a neutron and a trium nucleus this extra trium acted as even more Fusion fuel and severely boosted the reaction leading to a massively increased yield [Music] it is to be recalled that until 1954 one school of thought held that the high yield surface detonations would create intense Fallout only in the immediate area of the shot where it would be scattered widely around the world March 1st 1954 saw the dismissal of that school permanently in the firing bunker stood the scientists and Engineers who monitored the test when the bomb detonated they were only able to get information on how it went from the radio that was until the blast waves hit after only 20 seconds the bunker began slowly shaking from side to side but not like any normal earthquake it was described as being strangely different it shook so badly that the men had to sit down to stop themselves from falling this shaking continued for only a few seconds before stopping in which the men began to breathe a sigh of relief until another shock hit of the same type also only lasting a few seconds a minute later came the Air Blast the wave hit with a deep bang and then shifted to a rumble the bunker creaked but stayed firmed they didn't know it but just a few feet outside wouldn't build had been destroyed by the shock wave just seconds after the shock wave hit water began to pour out of the conduits behind the control panel and even shot out the lavatory with such force it hit the ceiling this was unexpected though as water effects from the blast were not expected for another 6 minutes they sat in their bunker waiting for a tsunami to wash over them they waited 14 minutes and nothing happened after making sure they were not underwater the men decided to open the bunker opening the door they felt a strange sense of calm and then when they looked to the West they saw a massive white cloud slowly growing over them after a few minutes they noticed something ominous the Geer counter they had brought out to measure radiation began to click faster and faster they were in disbelief they didn't think it was possible for them to be getting this much fall out this early but they were it still was not a dangerous amount of radiation it was extremely concerning and was Rising the counter Rose 50 M 100 Mil a 500 mil a by the time they rushed into the bunker the radiation was at 1 REM per hour they radioed command but they also didn't have an idea on how this was possible even once in the bunker the radiation was still growing they radioed asking if it would be possible to be picked up by a helicopter but it was decided that that rescue mission would be getting Dangerously close to a suicide mission they were to wait in the bunker until it was safe the counter reached 100 mm inside the black housee for short periods of time safe they went around the different rooms inside the bunker looking for one that had a lower radiation level they finally settled on the data room which only had a reading of 10 mm per hour bringing in Army blankets to make the weight more comfortable they sat in the quiet bunker after an hour one of the engineers became curious and decided to measure the radiation level outside sticking his hand and out the door the G counter measured 40 ronin per hour we were not exactly a happy Bunch as we sat around in that small back room we'd been forced to turn off the air conditioner because it brought in Fallout particles from outside the entire building soon got hot and sticky only a few yards away in the construction Camp were Stakes we had planned on having breakfast instead we were munching sea rations by about an hour after the detonation the command ship had started receiving large amounts of radiation and were ordered to leave the area as the ship Departed the engineers hear the ship but their small handheld radios could not reach them it was also around this time that their power went out they were left in a dark muggy room alone the radiation at this point was measured at 20 REM per hour it was decided that the men would have to be driven a half a mile to the Airfield and then airlifted out the entire area they were to be traversing was dowsed in radioactive materials so the men wrapped themselves in bed sheets cutting holes only for their eyes as the crew heard the helicopters ahead they left for the landing mat once there the helicopters picked them up and they were flown to the ship and decontaminated the engineers were extremely lucky to not have been contaminated by radioactive materials while they absorbed a decent but relatively safe dose they did not absorb any of the radioactive material itself unlike the Islanders 80 M away sits ralap and rangara TOS many of those who lived there were relocated from bikini at to after nuclear testing was initiated 8 years earlier they knew not of what the Americans were doing quote the Americans wanted to use bikini for something that could help the Americans and the rest of the world's Nations the Marshal e thought the Americans would use bikini for a short period of time so the Islanders continued their lives hoping that one day they'd be able to return to their home when the bomb was tested created a flash that was brighter than the sun Leona kinain recounts her experiences my old man and I were asleep at the time but we were surprised when suddenly it was like daytime because it was very bright even through our eyelids we woke up immediately I woke up because well I'm not kidding you because my dream I did not know what a bomb was like and what it was used for I had never heard of one before but in my dream I dreamt of the bomb falling from the sky and bursting into flames while I was standing in the middle of the flames and I was crying and shouting names but I did not see anyone I was crying when I woke up because of the bright explosion I was very very scared and then I started to cry again and ran out the door and I looked for a long time crying moments after that I heard the explosion it was very loud it tore my eard drums after the test and after the shock wave it was very quiet no wind at all very very quiet it was a little after this point that a white snow- likee material began to fall on the Islanders it was silverish color insoluble in water and under a microscope looked like small crystals the Islanders had no idea what the material was so they took no precautions the material got all over their skin drinking water lungs and even in their eyes along with coating all Solid Surfaces and then we were surprised to see people from the neighboring iset arrive at the shore they set out to hunt for birds and saw the explosion while they were out hunting and got very thirsty they were very thirsty and then they came to where we were staying in search of drinking water and I believe I heard them talking about the color of the water changing they said the water color has changed and you know it was in the ' 50s and I'm not sure if they understood the word color but they were saying it's purple it's purple it's Violet it's Violet this phrase It's Violet and I did not know if it was really Violet but the elderly men said the water is violet it has changed and so we gave them the water even though the color of the water had changed they drank it because of their thirst after seeing all of this the Islanders had presumed World War II had started again and that the Japanese forces were coming back to kill them they hopped into their boats and sailed to the smaller eyelets as we wandered around some started feeling dizzy and felt the powder in our eyes burning as if we had stared at the Sun for a long time and we kept asking ourselves why do we feel sick we were well before for us we'd go on and they would say everyone needs to collect Fallen coconuts we will work together and see what happens next because we were assuming combatants would come and take us or kill us we were surprised to hear people say there's a ship in our Lagoon when the ship actually arrived it was an American ship well everyone hid in the brush because we were assuming that they were coming to kill us so we went to hide while we were hiding they shouted at us saying that everyone needed to go to the Lagoon Shore and get ready to board the ship because the ship came to pick us up another woman and I her name was kajin from the jenwood were still hiding in the brush we were the very last to come out of the brush because we were so scared to go when we went there everyone else was already on the boat and you know the grilled chicken they brought some out so we could eat they threw overboard the food we collected for my grandparents they said you are not allowed to take anything with you except your clothes and then we boarded and even now I can remember when we were on the ship I can still recall while they were shipping the boats while we were watching throwing a soap they forced us to take a shower and then took us and lined us up next to the railing they command to stop there and take off your clothes and throw them into the sea they then gave us small white towels and it was the first time anyone had worn a towel the Islanders were given the same rations as the soldiers the Marshal EES went through the regular mess line for meals and had the same ration as the crew the meat course was the least popular the majority of the party asked for more soup bread and vegetables hot soup was most in demand ice cream was the natural favorite of all the children they were relocated to qualan ordered to bathe in the lagoon every day as well as making them stay in a fenced Area 18 of the Islanders complained of itching or burning of the eyes it was estimated that the Islanders were exposed to a 130 Ron skin of radiation which while not immediately life-threatening can cause nausea and skin reing and is well above safe limits for perspective the US Atomic energy commission sets a yearly dose limit of five ronkin to all workers over the next week the Islanders conditions deteriorated they had skin lesions lost hair and worse beta Burns a kind of 3D sunburn that affected any skin that came into contact with the contaminated material including the lungs and eyes to add insult to injury there was a cold epidemic that swept through the camp causing even more to become ill by early April the radiation poisoning had worn off and thankfully no one had died the Americans recog IED that quote restoration to pre- evacuation standards is the inescapable moral responsibility and began to repair and restore the islands 10 surveys and radiological samplings were made at ralap by the summer of 1957 the Islanders were allowed to resettle back at their Islands but the test would soon come back to haunt them a small Japanese fishing boat sat still in the ocean it was dark inside the cabin as the crew slept while the waves slowly rocked the small vessel in the previous month nearly half half of their fishing lines had been lost to a coral reef not wanting to come back from the voyage empty-handed they pressed on and even with engine troubles and a new inexperienced Captain they had had a good catch since then they've been out at Sea since January and did not know that the US government had set up a restricted Zone around the island and they had sailed just outside it only 100 miles from bikini atol the crew jumped to their feet and ran outside they were met with a spectacular site the weather changed drastically it started raining slowly at first but soon grew in ferocity but not normal rain this rain water was not clear but instead white soon the wind began to pick up as well dowsing everything in contaminated water it covered their catch of tuna turning their normally Blue Fish gray it stuck to their skin hair got in their eyes and even throats the white particles penetrated mercilessly eyes nose ears mouth it turned the heads of those wearing headbands white we had no sense that it was dangerous it wasn't hot had no odor I took a lick it was gritty but had no taste we had turned into the wind to pull in the lines so lot got down our necks and into our underwear and into our eyes and it prickled and stung rubbing our inflamed eyes we kept at our tough task this rain fell for 5 hours in this time the fishermen continued to perform their duties pulling in the fish but something strange began to happen they began to fall ill first they saw a beta burn begin to form on their skin then it went downhill quickly the crew had started coming down with dizziness fevers vomiting as all of them were suffering from radiation poisoning the twoe voyage back from yau was torturous for the crew when they got back to their home Port the boat was so radioactive Geer counters detected elevated levels of radiation from 100 ft away the boat was towed into a remote section of the port and put under armed guard unfortunately the catch had already been offloaded and introduced into the fish market a frantic effort to find and destroy these heavily radioactive fish was underway and a panic enveloped the Japanese Nation overnight the fish markets could barely sell anything it caused a decent economic blow to the country but even with this frantic search to stop the highly radioactive Tuna from getting out at least two were sold and possibly eaten the fishermen were not doing well either they' promptly been sent to hospital outside the city for treatment they were in hospital for months and unfortunately radio operator aichi kuba died from a secondary infection caused by his radiation exposure leaving behind a wife and three daughters for those who survived it was torture One Survivor recounts my skin turned black and the skin started peeling and blistering I kept getting sicker and weaker I thought I was going to die to say that these events pissed off the Japanese public was an understatement they were Furious Japan had already survived two nuclear bombs and for even more of their citizens to have died definitely hit a sore spot the Japanese and American governments fought over compensation and after a tense debate each Survivor was awarded 2 million yen equivalent to $60,000 in 2024 but the torture was not over for the survivors besides the permanent medical damage they were also socially ostracize their friends and family would avoid them thinking that the radiation would spread to them so many of the fishermen refused to talk and hid their traumatic experiences Fisherman's families in the city had to pawn their clothes to live they were also not given hius Shu status unlike those who survived Hiroshima and Nagasaki there's more International backlash though Manhattan Project scientist and doctor sir Joseph rblat who left the project after realizing the bomb wouldn't be dropped on Germany deduced from Fallout measurements that the bomb was much more dirty than the Americans publicly stated publishing these results along with a slightly mistaken attempt at deducing the bomb's design at which time the Americans could neither confirm nor deny further embarrassing the American government there's also the international effort to measure Fallout from the blast using gummed film stations The Fallout that did not fall in the general vicinity of the test would Circle over the Earth and gently fall over the tropical latitudes all of this led to the us having to release a lot of information about the test that they didn't want to before now nuclear testing was either seen as a far away occurrence or is a novelty now it was seen as a threat one of the strangest results of this test was that it helped to spawn one of the most popular Monster franchises in history Godzilla director ashiro Honda majorly changed the film to what it is now after hearing of the plight of the fisherman and the opening scene of the film is directly inspired it also helped to spawn the modern-day environmentalism movement before many of the scientists in this movement fought against acid rain or CO2 pollution they were fighting against nuclear pollution and Castle Bravo was a stepping stone for the movement and their participants many of whom wouldn't have joined without hearing of the dangers of nuclear fallout but we have forgotten about some people the Marshal Islanders after recovering from their initial bout of radiation poisoning their Journey wasn't over their experiences would haunt them to this day [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] at that time you will try to weave yourself a sale but there will be no plants when you decide to build the canoe there will be no trees these are the things that you really need to think about now for we are children of God and we believe in the idea that the reason why we are safe today is that he has cared for us God is really happy to help those who can help themselves all of this was created by his might and anything we do is likely to destroy his kingdom meaning his plants will be subverted and you need to be a leader who values safeguarding them protect your world and protect the worlds around you thank you e Back To Top